The eth_sendRawTransaction method broadcasts a pre-signed transaction to the Ethereum network. This method is used to submit all types of transactions after they have been signed offline, making it the primary method for any state-changing operations on the blockchain.

Use Cases

Sending ETH transfers to other addresses and wallets
Token transfers (ERC-20, ERC-721, ERC-1155) in applications
Smart contract deployments for developers
Contract function calls and state changes in dApps
Automated transactions via scripts or bots
Multi-signature wallet interactions requiring offline signing
Meta-transactions (gas-less transactions) for better UX
DeFi operations (swaps, liquidity provision, staking)
Governance voting through contract interactions
NFT minting operations in marketplaces

Method Details

This method submits a signed transaction to the network for processing.

पैरामीटर:

datastring[required]

The signed transaction data (hex string)

रिटर्न:

resultstring

The transaction hash, or the zero hash if the transaction is not yet available

Transaction Signing Process

Before using eth_sendRawTransaction, you need to:

Create an unsigned transaction (with nonce, gas parameters, recipient, value, data)
Sign the transaction with a private key
Serialize and hex-encode the signed transaction
Submit the hex string to this method

Understanding Transaction Types

Ethereum supports different transaction types:

Type	Description	Structure
Legacy (Type 0)	Pre-EIP-1559 transactions with gasPrice	`{nonce, gasPrice, gasLimit, to, value, data, v, r, s}`
EIP-2930 (Type 1)	Transactions with access lists	`{chainId, nonce, gasPrice, gasLimit, to, value, data, accessList, v, r, s}`
EIP-1559 (Type 2)	Transactions with priority fee	`{chainId, nonce, maxPriorityFeePerGas, maxFeePerGas, gasLimit, to, value, data, accessList, v, r, s}`

Response Example

{
	"jsonrpc": "2.0",
	"id": 1,
	"result": "0xe670ec64341771606e55d6b4ca35a1a6b75ee3d5145a99d05921026d1527331"
}

Error Response Example

{
	"jsonrpc": "2.0",
	"id": 1,
	"error": {
		"code": 3,
		"message": "execution reverted: Dai/insufficient-balance",
		"data": "0x08c379a00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000..."
	}
}

Common Errors and Troubleshooting

Error	Description	Solution
Nonce too low	The transaction nonce has already been used	Get the latest nonce with `eth_getTransactionCount`
Nonce too high	The transaction nonce is higher than expected	Use the correct sequential nonce
Insufficient funds	Not enough ETH for gas + value	Add more ETH to the sender address
Gas price too low	Offered gas price below minimum	Increase gas price or use EIP-1559 parameters
Underpriced replacement	When replacing a tx, new gas price is too low	Increase gas price by at least 10%
Already known	Transaction already in the mempool	Wait for the existing transaction
Execution reverted	Contract execution failed	Check contract conditions and parameters

Monitoring Transaction Status

After broadcasting a transaction:

Store the returned transaction hash
Poll eth_getTransactionReceipt until it returns a non-null result
Check the status field in the receipt:
- 0x1 indicates success
- 0x0 indicates failure (reverted)

Gas Estimation and Optimization

Before sending transactions, you can:

Use eth_estimateGas to get the approximate gas needed
For EIP-1559 transactions, check current network conditions with eth_feeHistory
For time-sensitive transactions, set higher priority fees
For non-urgent transactions, set lower fees to save costs

Important Notes

Transactions must be signed with the sender's private key before submission
The RPC endpoint never has access to your private keys
Use eth_getTransactionReceipt to check status after submission
For contract creation, the receipt contains the new contract address in the contractAddress field
Hex strings must be properly formatted with even length and '0x' prefix
Consider using hardware wallets or secure key management for high-value transactions
Nonce management is critical for proper transaction sequencing
Transaction replacement requires higher gas price than the original
Transaction fees are non-refundable even if the transaction fails
EIP-1559 transactions can be more cost-effective during volatile fee periods

eth_sendRawTransaction